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Solar Baking of Chapatis
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Solar Baking of Chapatis
Summaryin many parts of India Chapatis are part of the staple food. Chapatis are flat breads out of wheat flour and water. They are baked on a "Tawa" , a hot iron plate. Usually the tawa is placed on a gas stove or a wood fire (stove).
2,7 sqm Scheffler Reflectors were developed especially for that purpose. Now they are built by a women cooperative associated with the Barefoot College in Rajasthan, India.

Author Address Mr. Wolfgang Scheffler
Solare Brücke e.V.
G.v.Werdenbergstr.6
89344
Aislingen
Germany
AffiliationNGO
Status[Ongoing Implementation]
CategorySolar Cooking, Baking
Implementation Date /2004
Detailed Description

First we tried to bake the chapaties with a 2m² Scheffler reflector. Under the indian conditions ( winter, when  the cooker has its minimum aperture and at 600 W/m² direct insolation ) the power was not sufficient to heat the iron  plate ( tawa ) of  230 mm diameter to the reqired temperature of  approximately 300 C°.  The chapaties took too long to get ready ( more than 2 to 3 minutes ) and became dry.

So the area of the reflector was inceased to 2,7 m². The reflector was built at the Barefoot College in tilonia, rajastan, india, together with a women group who took a 2 year long training ( 2004 to 2006 ) on the construction of the 2.7m² scheffler-reflectors.

With this model  the women now cook regulary their chapaties. One chapati typically takes 2 minutes to be ready. They also can bake a thicker type of chapati made from millet, for which the iron tawa is replaced with one made from clay. Initially the heat was unevenly distributed on the plate, burning one half of the chapati while the other half remained raw. This was overcome by adding an additional reflective element directly under the tawa to redistribute the concentrated light.